If you suppose that this is a realistic or even possible living arrangement in the diverse (economically, racially, culturally and socially, and with subcultures among even those major groupings) society that we now enjoy (or suffer from, depending on your outlook), then I would have to wonder what your actual experience is with “the USA as it is”. I just don’t see this happening without major, cataclysmic-type upheavals in our society that would be so fundamentally altering of “life as it is” as to make prediction impossible. People enjoy their ability to make a living and still not have to give up their lives. I work with people who come from city apartments, from farms, from small and large towns, from cabins in the woods, and even a few who live on boats – and work together (for now – any of us can leave at any time for other work or for retirement or various other reasons) in a common location that is convenient to the employer. But the employer hardly cares where we live, as long as we can make it to work more or less on time and do our jobs.
Which is not to say “this is impossible”, because we know that for some these things have already happened. Indian reservations exist, divided along tribal lines – and not always tied to “ancestral lands”, either, but depending on the whims of the political leaders who established them, some of them over two hundred years ago. In addition to that, there was the Japanese-American internment of WWII years. However, in each of those cases the segregation was directed and enforced militarily.
Aside from that, religious communities, cooperative societies and communes are part of American history, from the Chataquas to the transcendentalist movement of the 19th century – and on through to the Mormons, who created a religiously-governed territory that became the State of Utah. Even so, communes fall apart as the families grow up and children take on different ideas and ideals from their parents, or finances collapse the economic underpinnings, or religious leaders have to modify their “separateness” enough to fit into the legal and political framework that is the United States.
“Company towns” have existed and still do exist – barely – in some areas such as @Jaxk has suggested: mining towns and “new” oil patch towns in North Dakota (or old towns under new management as the oil and gas companies import workers to man the rigs and support those workers). These also exist in remote areas of Canada, as well as elsewhere in the world.
In addition, this is how a lot of American and European expatriates currently work overseas in the Middle East, India and to a lesser degree in many other Asian nations. (Probably Africa, too, but I don’t have that experience.)
However, these are all “exceptional” communities. They aren’t at all normal and when the project is built, the mine played out or the oil extracted, the towns typically fall apart. (In the case of project-related housing built for construction workers, some plant owners who own that housing sell it to “regular” citizens who would like to move there and establish a civil society in a “planned development” town – with varying degrees of success, I would imagine. I simply cannot even conceive of a society where people will voluntarily segregate themselves along “corporate” lines unless there is a very strong incentive for them to do so. Where’s the incentive going to come from? Why would American corporations – who can hire at will from around the country (and sometimes even from around the world) – choose to pay a premium to attract workers “to live in a ghetto” when there is no other economic reason for them to do so?
It’s fine to posit strange, new, unusual and even fantastic scenarios for how societies might develop along alternative lines, but generally the development has to have some kind of rational or quasi-rational basis. What’s your theory for “WHY” this type of society would evolve?
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