What exactly did the Higgs Boson particle (God Particle) prove or explain?

It sort of proves that the standard model is correct. That’s the big take away.

I know that said almost nothing so here goes: the standard model consists of twelve fundamental particles (six quarks:up, down, top, bottom charm and strange six leptons:electron, muon, tau, electron neutrino, muon neutrino and tau neutrino) and four forces (gravity, electromagnetic, strong nuclear and weak nuclear.) the forces have carrier particles:gluon, photon, zboson and wboson. Then we finally have the higgs. what makes it a big deal was that it was only postulated to exist. It needed to exist for the standard model to hold water. The higgs is a carrier particle for the “higgs field” that is responsible for giving the other particles mass. If there was no higgs field then then the standard model says there should be no mass.

Here you go. Listen to this
http://www.universetoday.com/123565/astronomy-cast-ep-394-the-standard-model-baryons/

Pffft. No idea….. I believe its what gives matter mass…. Dont understand the physics boffins explanation me, but I personally think its simply spin that causes mass. The energy spinning in an atom resists a change in direction due to that motion law of physics. So mass is essentially centrifugal force.