What are the differences between types of Christianity?

I hope this question isn’t too broad…I just wanted to know how/what things differentiate between all these types of Christians. Some I can think of off the top of my head are:
Protestant
Mormon
Baptist
Episcopal
Evangelist
Methodist
Jehovah’s Witness
Lutheran
There’s definitely more, and if there is by all means explain to me. A preference or even a way to help explain it would be to compare and contrast them with Catholicism. I am Catholic and am not looking to convert or anything, just curious. Thanks in advance for your help.
Oh, and I know that this is Fluther, but I don’t really expect/want a large discussion or debate to breakout. Only a disagreement, not a large debate…—Also, I don’t really think Bible Quotes are necessary either. If you absolutely must, fine. Thanks :)