Non-lethal weapons capable of incapacitation?

Pepper spray and sound cannons. The others are “less than lethal” meaning you could still die. This includes tasers which IMO are used way too often an have actually killed people.

Military has invisible and silent IR/Millimeter wave beams that feel hot to salt water and fat sacks (humans) so they withdraw from an area.

Rubber bullets, beanbag loads in shotguns and riot foam for crowd control.

Hands, or words…

They use tazers here in Canada, it’s an electric stun gun will drop a full grown man , and unless he has a heart condition won’t harm him.

Assuming that a more peaceful method is not an option (as @johnpowell mentioned “words”): hands, night-stick, taser, bean-bag loads, or even fine shot loads for pistols (which might be deadly at close range). A big problem is that police choose to use the lethal option, even when their own body cameras show that it was not justified and that they had plenty of time to assess the situation.

@johnpowell Need I remind you of one Martin Riggs?

Handcuffs & hit sticks (batons)

Tranquilizers