Can a website tell what site you were just on if there isn't a referral in the link (see details)?

Let’s say I’m on Fluther, and then I click a link in my bookmarks bar to go to Facebook. Does Facebook know I came from Fluther? Does Fluther know I left Fluther to visit Facebook? What about if the link is on Fluther itself? Assume there isn’t anything in the URL that indicates which site referred me to the new one.

My impression is that the only way they could know is by way of cookies or something like that. But I use browser extensions (like Ghostery) to prevent most trackers. What I am wondering, then, is if just navigating to one site from another provides information to either the site I’m going to or the site I’m leaving.