How many undocumented immigrants live in the US?

For years now, the estimated number of undocumented immigrants living in the US has been 10–12 million. For instance, according to https://cis.org/sites/cis.org/files/articles/2005/back1405.pdf

the number of “undocumented immigrants” (I believe that is the woke terminology for illegal aliens) was 10.5 million.

Since it is not woke to ask a question about a person’s immigration status on the census forms, we have to depend upon indirect methods to estimate the numbers. This has led to a wide range of estimates. However, Biden and others are basing their thinking on an estimate of 10–12 million which has not changed much since 2005.

I am not an expert in the field, and I would welcome your thoughts on what the number may be and why.