What is that thing called that they used to carry kings and nobility in?

Mr. MdLukas: This is not an easy question to find the answer to but I did find some stuff that might lead you down the right path. What I have learned is that different royalty called their portable thrones different things. If you are the pope, you cruised in the sedia gestatoria. If you were in ancient rome, it was a lectica, in India a palkhi. But I think the best one of these for your answer is the kursi

The kursi, although not described, evidently differs from the sarir, for it is portable. Mu'awiyah uses it to move from the palace to the mosque. Secondly, it has no back, for, in the mosque, while sitting in the kursi, the caliph is said to have been leaning against the maqsurah. Furthermore the kursi has unmistakable royal connotations, for at the time of Mu'awiyah it was used only by the caliph or, rarely, by members of his immediate family. from:

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/grabar1.html

A sedan chair was carried by two men and was not just for royalty.

A pallanquin was also a covered litter, and also carried by two men.

litter.

Palanquin... now spelled properly.

litter

gailcalled and andrew are correct. It's a litter.

That is where the modern term for trash came from. Litter, noun, Old English. syn. Waste, Trash, Garbage.

“Hey boys, stopping throwing your gum wrappers on the path. This is a litter!,” said the Queen angrily. “In other words, boys, don’t litter!”