Can you help me out with the rules of snooker and pool?

My family and I moved into a house with a pool table some months back, and we are slowly learning to play. We have a copy of the rules hanging on the wall, but we are unsure on a few points.

1. In snooker, when the white ball is first played after it is sunk, does it have to go forwards?
2. When the last red ball is sunk, can you nominate a coloured ball to sink like every other time, or must you immediately move on to the yellow ball?
3. In pool (which our rules call eight ball), if your opponent fouls when you only have the 8 ball left, do you get two shots?
4. When you already have an extra shot from a foul, do you get a third when you sink a ball on the first shot, or only one following shot?

Thanks in advance for your help!