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How does one detect an atom?

Asked by rebbel (35549points) September 26th, 2011

With last week’s news about the speedy neutrinos from CERN, a question that I have had for ages came back to mind again:
How does one detect an atom?
Obviously there was a first time that someone went home after work and told his/her spouse “Dear, I found an atom today!”
But how?
A microscope?
Did he/she had to cut the material with a knife in very small parts first?
To someone who knows, explain it to me in simple words imagine I am your old aunt, please.

If there is some time left: same question for the neutrino, the (almost) undetectable part?

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