Someone hacked my facebook?

So one of my friends sent me an IM and it was a link to a picture on Facebook and I clicked on it and it asked me to log in to see it, sometimes this happens to me on Facebook so I logged in.

Turns out he had gotten hacked by the same thing, it asks for your log in info and it takes and it uses it for more hacking.

I recognized it immediately after I clicked the link and changed my password twice and logged out of all devices.

I now have a setting to where it will send me a passcode in a text any time I log in from a device that’s not my computer.

Should I be okay now?
I don’t see how they could get into any of my other accounts from this and I changed my password almost immediately.