How would you examine Exif metadata on a photo posted on the internet?

I saw a sudden emotional rant on fb about people being able to pinpoint your (and your children’s) location from pictures you take and post to the internet. I assumed it was just another silly hoax, but to my surprise, Snopes confirmed it.

Just how would someone find that information and can it be disabled? I realize it would probably disable the GPS locator, which wouldn’t be good if you needed 911 to find you, but I’m still curious. (When I mess around with my phone I do see an option to “disable” 911, which I assume is the GPS. Would that be it?)