Where do you draw the line as to where animal abuse starts?

disclaimer I don’t own a dog, so it is not about any action that I am doing or have done. It is not directed towards any other Flutheronian real or imagined.

When do you believe the line is crossed that the action(s) of a dog owner becomes abuse? If you leave the animal outdoors at all times, rain, cold, heat etc. with only a doghouse that is not heated or A/C, is that abuse? What about leaving the animal cooped up in a small apartment with a pet matt, no human contact, and not walked? What about an owner of an ankle-biter dog who upon seeing a larger dog running in his direction off a leash instead of bending over to bring his dog to his arms, uses the leash and collar to hoist the poor little mutt up to his arms, is that abuse to you? What about slapping the dog over the head when it won’t sit on command? When is the line of animal abuse crossed for you?