Psychology question: How is temporal contiguity related to the mistakes we often make?

I am trying to understand how temporal contiguity is related to mistakes that people make.

For those who don’t know, temporal contiguity is when two stimuli occur together in a short period of time, and so we create an association between the two.

An example of this would be ringing a bell every time you are about to present food to a dog. After a while, the dog will begin to salivate as soon as he hears the bell. (Pavlov’s experiment)

My professor has recommended that we understand how this phenomenon can explain mistakes that people often make, but after both reading the textbook and doing a quick google search, I have been unable to come up with anything.

Anyone have any clue?