Is there a way to automatically reply to emails?

A couple days ago I had the idea that it would be neat if I could make my computer automagically reply to certain emails that are sent to it.

I could use a secondary email account on a different device to send information to my computer, and then my computer could do whatever calculation and email the result back to me.

Although I don’t really know of any practical uses for this, I want to know if it is possible or feasible to do.

I would also like to point out my spellchecker accepts “automagically” as a word.