Is there a branch of science that studies how the meaning of sentences can change depending on how they are spoken?

Consider the simple one word sentence, “No.”. I would imagine that nearly all, if not all, languages have an equivalent word. There must be at least half a dozen different ways that “no” can be spoken, conveying different meanings. It can be spoken flatly, excitedly, mildly questioningly, emphatically questioningly, and so on. Do these differences carry over to the speakers of other languages? Are there cultures where intonation can convey meaning in ways not covered by most speakers of English?