when setting up my gmail account on my iPhone, the outbox settings?, what do I enter in those fields, "outgoing mail server"?

What you may be setting it up as is a ‘other’ mail account that is for general POP3/IMAP. You shouldn’t encounter that screen if you’ve chosen Gmail as your account type. You should just delete that account and create a new one on the iPhone as follows:

The most straightforward way to do this is go to Settings > Mail > Add Account… and right away you’ll see large buttons for mail providers, including the one for Gmail. Tapping Gmail will just require your name, address, and password.

Apple Support instructions for setting up e-mail accounts on the iPhone