Music Theory: Can you help me better understand Intervals and note relationships?

http://guitargrimoire.com/ Explains the differences in modes by changes in the 12 notes. I have this book and constantly skill up on different modes. I can’t even tell you how many different modes this book has. Although, this might help explain the demonic looking symbol on that page.

Lately I’ve been fond of Hungarian Major in the key of C

http://library.thinkquest.org/15413/theory/intervals.htm

My advice is to try some practical experiments to arrive at some answers for yourself. Sit down with your instrument and just run through some intervals over different chords,different keys etc. listening carefully to the changes in mood, colour and so forth.

@Axemusica nailed it – also, it’s not a bad idea if you have access to a piano/keyboard to do your theory work there, because it’s already “correctly” set up. Guitar is unfortunately a miserably difficult instrument to get theory concepts on due to the compromises in tuning and odd string to string intervals.

Let me second @JeanPaulSartre‘s suggestion for using a piano. I play trumpet, and theory was nearly impossible for me to understand. But when I had kids, I had them learn piano, and I realized that you just see the theory on the keyboard. Suddenly things made sense.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear_training#Interval_recognition

lays out some familiar examples of intervals that might help.

I thought modes are just the major scale..?

Modes usually refers to the 7 diatonic scales