What can I use to mount a hanger on the ceiling?

Likely going to take some heavy duty drywall anchors.

Anything from the ceiling should be screwed into wood. Wood has nails in it, and any hardware store sells a magnet thingy for finding those nails. Mark a line where the nails are and that is where the wood is. The clerk at the hardware store will also advise you on what to put in the wood to hang whatever you are thinking of. They make widgets for just that purpose.

Can you provide a photo or sketch of what you’re interested in? I’ve never seen anything such as you describe. “Floor to ceiling drapes” are not so unusual, but they still don’t hang “from the ceiling”, so I’m confused.

You will need to find a stud (wood beam, not a fit carpenter) to find where to insert the anchors.

If you are just going into drywall they will tear out right away. A stud-finder is really cheap and should help pinpoint where to install the anchors.

The hook will hold if you can get it into the ceiling joist. If you are banking on the sheetrock to hold you might try a molly bolt but I would not hang a whole lot of weight from it.

Yes, I was distracted by your reference to the ceiling. You don’t usually hang drapes from the ceiling, you hang them from the wall. Anyplace that sells drapes also sells the brackets for the purpose. But you can still hang them from the ceiling if that’s what you really want.

There are several factors to consider here.
Do you own or rent? A landlord might not appreciate ceiling damage to hang curtains.
What type of curtains? Drywall will hold sheers, but not thermals.
What type of ceiling? Seems we’re all assuming drywall, but you could have plaster and lathe.